Romantic Age

                     Assignment

Name :  Rupa Bambhaniya B

Enrollment no:    2069108420200002

Paper No : 5

Submitted by : Smt S.B. Gardhi Department of English

Email Id : rupabambhniya166@gmail.

Romantic Age 

Introduction : 

   In the started Romantic agec 1798-1837  with romance for nature.

And we can also called romanticism.

Poet true feelings for nature.

In the second half of the 18th century

a new sensibility emerged: the

Romantic age is the periodin which

new ideas and attitudes arose in

reaction to the dominant 18th

century's ideals of order, calm,

harmony, balance and rationality.

Moreover, poets tends to use

autobiographical material, they were

less intellectual and more intimately

emotional. Poets looked for freedom,

represented common people, which

they felt sympathetic to, and lastly

they were interested in the

supernatural, that is to say the divine.

 Charectristic of Romantic Age.

Romanticism is the name given to a dominant movement in literature and the other arts – particularly music and painting – in the the period from the 1770s to the mid-nineteenth century:

1. Individuality / Democracy.

     In reaction, the Romantic Movement stressed the individuality of the artist's expression, a personal relationship with nature, and a trust in emotion and subjective experience. The Romantics asserted the importance of the individual, the unique, even the eccentric.

Nature and Individualism in the Romantic Period

The Romantic Period brought themes of nature and individualism. Many authors literature was influenced by the Industrial Revolution that was taking place in England and France. Authors such as Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Keats sought individualism by ignoring the effects of the revolution and returning to nature. “Romantic poets favored individual genius and hoped to follow nature freely."

  (2).  Spiritual 

    The spiritual world, according to Romantics, had unleashed its power and inspiration to overthrow tyranny in government and in literature.

   The first generation of romantic poets was primarily Coleridge, Blake, Scott and Wordsworth. ... British Romantics believed in something which existed beyond the physical world.

   The best discussion of the spiritual basis of romanticism I have ever read is the one provided by Allan Bloom in his book Love and Friendship written in 1992 just prior to his death.

Romanticism exists in a bewildering array of manifestations. If we focus our attention upon the manifestations and ignore the spiritual motivation underlying them, we will not be able to grasp the real meaning of romanticism.

  (3) .  Nature as a teacher.

       

           Romanticism and nature. Romanticism was an intellectual and artistic movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century. It was a reactionary response against the scientific rationalisation of nature during the Enlightenment, commonly expressed in literature, music, painting and drama.

       (4).  Interests in past history 

     Post-romanticism or Postromanticism refers to a range of cultural endeavors and attitudes emerging in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, after the period of Romanticism.

In the Romantic period it was taken for granted that the intellectual and artistic achievement of ancient Greece and Rome was one of the foundations of western culture. The Classical world permeated almost every aspect of life, from political institutions and philosophical enquiry to scientific method and the basic forms of architecture. The classics of Latin literature, such as Virgil’s Aeneid, the Odes of Horace and Ovid’s Metamorphoses, were standard texts. At Hawkshead Grammar School, Wordsworth received a thorough grounding in Greek and Latin as part of his general education.

 (5). Celebration of the simple life.

     The celebration of "the individual" in Romantic poetry and other literary forms refers to an ideal that the single entity, person, life is inherently important and powerful. The individual in Romanticism has the strength to succeed and be heroic within him- or herself.

  Some of the main characteristics of Romantic literature include a focus on the writer or narrator's emotions and inner world; celebration of nature, beauty, and imagination; rejection of industrialization, organized religion, rationalism, and social convention; idealization of women, children, and rural life; inclusion …

 (5).  Interests in the Rustic/ pastoral life.

    Pastoral is a mode of literature in which the author employs various techniques to place the complex life into a simple one. Paul Alpers distinguishes pastoral as a mode rather than a genre, and he bases this distinction on the recurring attitude of power; that is to say that pastoral literature holds a humble perspective toward nature. Thus, pastoral as a mode occurs in many types of literature.

A Pastoral Poetry Type is a poem that depicts rural life in a peaceful, idealized way for example of shepherds or country life. For example, The Passionate Shepherd to His Love. by. Christopher Marlowe.

 (6).  Interests in folk Tradition.

The second phase of Romanticism, comprising the period from about 1805 to the 1830s, was marked by a quickening of cultural nationalism and a new attention to national origins, as attested by the collection and imitation of native folklore, folk ballads and poetry, folk dance and music, and even previously ignored medieval and Renaissance works. The revived historical appreciation was translated into imaginative writing by Sir Walter Scott, who is often considered to have invented the historical novel. At about this same time English Romantic poetry had reached its zenith in the works of John Keats, Lord Byron, and Percy Bysshe Shelley.

   (7) . Use of common language.

    

  In the romantic era so many writers and poets using the common language.

Poets …….

James Thomson , Mark Akenside ,

Joseph Warkton , William Collins, Thomas Gray , W. Cowper.

These poets and writers using the common language in his works.

   

       To conclude, the poems The Tyger by William Blake and To a Skylark by Percy B. Shelley are important examples of Romantic period, because of their language and poetic techniques that contributed to literature.

         

          (8). Frequent use of personification.

     Ordinary people now became the subject of lofty language. British Romanticism attempted to free itself from traditional forms and subjects. ... Romantic poets made frequent use of personification with nature, ascribing human traits to daffodils, fields, streams, and lakes. Nature, in essence, became emotionally expressive.

     Wordsworth rejects personification as a mechanical device, stating in his “Preface to Lyrical Ballads” that “such personifications do not make any natural or regular part” of the “language of men.” The romantic poets attempted to use language that was commonly used in England as opposed to writing in the elevated style of neoclassical poets.

    Romantic poet's :

James Thomson, Mark Akenside, 

Joseph Warkton, Willam collision, Thomas Gray, etc……

Romantic Novelist : 

Jane Austen , sir Walter Scott, W. Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lord Byron, P.B Shelly , John  Keats Etc…….